Business and Economic Publication maintains a rigorous peer-review process to ensure the highest quality, validity, and relevance of published scholarly works. All submitted manuscripts are subjected to a strict Double-Blind Peer Review process.

1. Peer Review Model: Double-Blind In a double-blind peer review, the identities of both the authors and the reviewers are kept strictly confidential from each other. Authors must ensure that their manuscript files do not contain identifiable affiliations or names to maintain the integrity of this blind process.

2. Step-by-Step Process and Estimated Timeframes

To provide transparency to authors, the editorial workflow is divided into the following stages:

• Stage 1: Initial Desk Review (Screening)

  • Timeframe: 1 – 2 Weeks after submission.

  • Process: The Editor-in-Chief or Managing Editor evaluates the manuscript to ensure it aligns with the journal's focus and scope. At this stage, the manuscript is checked for formatting (adherence to the template) and plagiarism (maximum 20% similarity using Turnitin/iThenticate).

  • Outcome: Manuscripts that do not meet the basic criteria or scope will be Desk Rejected or returned for initial formatting. Qualifying manuscripts proceed to the next stage.

• Stage 2: Peer Review Process

  • Timeframe: 4 – 8 Weeks.

  • Process: The manuscript is assigned to at least two (2) independent reviewers who are experts in the specific subject area. Reviewers are selected based on their academic track record and absence of conflict of interest. They evaluate the paper for novelty, methodological soundness, empirical validity, and academic contribution.

• Stage 3: Editorial Decision

  • Timeframe: 1 – 2 Weeks after receiving reviewer reports.

  • Process: The Section Editor evaluates the reviewers' recommendations and synthesizes a decision.

  • Decision Types:

    • Accept Submission: Accepted as is (rare).

    • Revisions Required (Minor): Needs small adjustments in literature or formatting.

    • Resubmit for Review (Major): Needs significant rework in methodology, data analysis, or fundamental structure. The revised version will undergo a second round of review.

    • Decline Submission: The manuscript is rejected due to fundamental flaws or lack of contribution.

• Stage 4: Author Revision

  • Timeframe: 2 – 4 Weeks (depending on the extent of revisions).

  • Process: Authors are required to submit their revised manuscript along with a "Response to Reviewers" table detailing how each comment was addressed.

• Stage 5: Final Decision and Copyediting

  • Timeframe: 1 – 2 Weeks.

  • Process: The editorial board confirms that all revisions have been satisfactorily met. The manuscript is formally Accepted and enters the copyediting, layout, and proofreading phases before final publication.

Overall Turnaround Time: Authors can expect an average of 8 to 16 weeks from submission to a final editorial decision.

3. Reviewer Selection Criteria Reviewers for Business and Economic Publication are strictly selected based on:

1. Having a relevant Master’s or Ph.D. degree in Economics, Business, or Management.

2. An active publication record in reputable national (SINTA) or international databases (Scopus/Web of Science).

3. Having no institutional affiliation with the authors or any other conflict of interest.